Mortality of urgency versus elective videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis / Mortalidade da colecistectomia videolaparoscópica de urgência versus operação eletiva para colecistite aguda

ABSTRACT Background: Surgical approach is still controversial in patients with acute cholecystitis: to treat clinically the inflammatory process and operate electively later or to operate immediately on an emergency basis? Aim: To test the hypothesis that urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis has a higher mortality than elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: From the data available in Datasus, mortality was compared between patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis and in urgency. Calculations were made of the relative reduction in risk of death, absolute reduction of risk of death and number needed to treat. Results: From 2009 to 2014 in Brazil, there were 250.439 laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 74.6% were electives. Mortality in the emergency group was 4.8 times higher compared to the elective group (0.0023% vs. 0.00048%). Despite the relative reduction in risk of death (RRR) was 83%, in the calculation of absolute risk was found 0.0018 and number needed to treat of 55,555. Conclusions: Despite the relative risk reduction for mortality was high comparing elective vs. urgent basis, the absolute risk reduction was minimal, since this outcome is very low in both groups, suggesting that mortality should not have much influence on surgical decision.

RESUMO Racional: Continua controversa a conduta nos pacientes com colecistite aguda: compensar o processo inflamatório e operar eletivamente ou operar imediatamente em caráter de urgência? Objetivo: Testar a hipótese de que a colecistectomia videolaparoscópica de urgência por colecistite aguda apresenta maior mortalidade que a colecistectomia videolaparoscópica eletiva Métodos: A partir dos dados disponíveis no Datasus, foi comparada a mortalidade entre os pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia videolaparoscópica eletiva por colelitíase e a de urgência. Foram realizados cálculos da redução relativa de risco de morte, redução absoluta do risco de morte e número necessário para tratar . Resultados: De 2009 a 2014 no Brasil, foram realizadas 250.439 colecistectomias videolaparoscópicas sendo 74,6% eletivas. A mortalidade no grupo de emergência foi 4,8 vezes mais elevada em comparação com o grupo eletivo (0,0023% vs. 0,00048%). Apesar da redução relativa do risco de morte (RRR) ser de 83%, no cálculo do risco absoluto encontrou-se 0,0018 e número necessário para tratar de 55.555. Conclusões: Apesar da redução relativa de risco para mortalidade ser alta comparando o caráter eletivo vs. urgência, a redução de risco absoluto é mínima, já que esse desfecho é muito baixo nos dois grupos, sugerindo que a mortalidade não deve ter muita influência na tomada de decisão cirúrgica.

Experience report on teaching surgical technique without animal use

PURPOSE: To report the experience of the school in implementing the 3 Rs replace, reduce and refine; showing time and assembling cost of the experimental models used in the teaching of Surgical Technique and Experimental Surgery. METHODS: Assembly time and costs of models: grafts and flaps performed in pork belly, model of intestinal anastomosis and jejunostomy done in Bahiana box and black box model for training videosurgery. RESULTS: Average time and cost estimate: ten minutes-pork belly, cost $ 6.00 per kilogram; two minutes-Bahiana box, cost $ 27.2; Black box-3.6 hours for manufacturing, cost $ 100.00. The repetition of each practice the cost is $ 3.20 for Bahiana box and at no cost to the black box. CONCLUSION: The experimental models presented are easily reproducible and of low cost. .